![]() ![]() All depth data available at the time of the compilations were used, including multi- and single-beam bathymetry, and contours and soundings digitized from depth charts, with direct depth observations having the highest priority and digitized contours the lowest 18. Depth estimates for grid cells between constraining depth observations were interpolated by the continuous curvature spline in a tension gridding algorithm 17. 3.0) on a Polar Stereographic projection. These DBMs comprised grids with a regular cell size of 2.5 × 2.5 km (Ver. Since 1997, three Digital Bathymetric Models (DBMs) have ingested new data sets compiled by the IBCAO project team and have been released for public use 14, 15, 16. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) project, was initiated in 1997 in St Petersburg, Russia, to address the need for up-to-date digital portrayals of the Arctic Ocean seafloor 13. Bathymetric data from large parts of the Arctic Ocean are, however, not available or extremely sparse due to difficulties, both logistical and political, in accessing the region 12. Bathymetry provides the geospatial framework for these and other studies 4 and has impact on many processes, including the pathways of ocean currents and, thus, the distribution of heat 5, 6, sea-ice decline 7, the effect of inflowing warm waters on tidewater glaciers 8, and the stability of marine-based ice streams and outlet glaciers grounded on the seabed 9, 10, 11. 4.0 has substantially more seafloor morphological information that offers new insights into a range of submarine features and processes for example, the improved portrayal of Greenland fjords better serves predictive modelling of the fate of the Greenland Ice Sheet.Ī broad range of Arctic climate and environmental research, including questions on the declining cryosphere and the geological history of the Arctic Basin, require knowledge of the depth and shape of the seafloor 1, 2, 3. Modern multibeam bathymetry comprises ∼14.3% in Ver. 4.0), with more than twice the resolution (200 × 200 m versus 500 × 500 m) and with individual depth soundings constraining three times more area of the Arctic Ocean ( ∼19.8% versus 6.7%), than the previous IBCAO Ver. Here we present the latest version (IBCAO Ver. IBCAO has merged its efforts with the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO-Seabed 2030 Project, with the goal of mapping all of the oceans by 2030. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) has been the authoritative source of bathymetry for the Arctic Ocean. Scientific Data volume 7, Article number: 176 ( 2020)īathymetry (seafloor depth), is a critical parameter providing the geospatial context for a multitude of marine scientific studies. If you have specific questions or information about content, the website, and applications, please contact us.The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0 However, Get Archive LLC does not own each component of the compilation displayed and accessible on the PICRYL website and applications. Get Archive LLC is the owner of the compilation of content that is posted on the PICRYL website and applications, which consists of text, images, audio, video, databases, tags, design, codes, and software ("Content"). Get Archive LLC does not charge permission and license fees for use of any of the content on PICRYL, however, upon request, GetArchive can provide rights clearance for content for a fee. GetArchive believes there are no usage restrictions or limitations put on content in the U.S. Permission for use, re-use, or additional use of the content is not required. Get Archive LLC, creator of PICRYL, endeavors to provide information that it possesses on the copyright status of the content and to identify any other terms and conditions that may apply to the use of the content, however, Get Archive LLC offers no guarantee or assurance that all pertinent information is provided, or that the information is correct in each circumstance. ![]() PICRYL makes the world's public domain media fun to find and easy to use. PICRYL is an AI-driven search & similarity engine. PICRYL is the largest media source for public domain images, scans, and documents. The World's Largest Public Domain Media Search Engine ![]()
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